What are the main categories of first-level domain names by region?

A domain name is a name of a computer or computer group on the Internet, consisting of a string of names separated by dots, used to identify the electronic location (sometimes also geographical location) of the computer during data transmission.

The Domain Name System (DNS, Domain Name System, sometimes referred to as domain name) is a core service of the Internet. As a distributed database that can map domain names and IP addresses to each other, it enables people to access the Internet more conveniently without having to remember the IP address string that can be directly read by the machine.

As we all know, ".com domain name" means the domain name of an international industrial and commercial enterprise. So, does ".cn" or ".net" represent domain names with different attributes in different regions or international domain names? Indeed, domain names are divided into regions and attributes. Domain names are mainly divided into international domain names and domestic domain names according to regions.

However, don't worry, no matter what level of domain name, they are no different in actual use and function, and they are all unique identifiers on the Internet. The difference is that international domain names are registered and managed by ICANN, the Internet Assigned Names and Numbers Authority authorized by the U.S. Department of Commerce, while domestic domain names are registered and managed by Internet management centers of various countries, such as China's domain names are managed by CNNIC.

Domain names are divided into different levels, including top-level domain names, second-level domain names, and third-level domain names.

Top-level domain names are more complicated, and they are divided into two categories. One is the national top-level domain name, and more than 200 countries are assigned top-level domain names, such as China is cn, the United States is us, Japan is jp, etc.; the other is the international top-level domain name, such as ".com" for industrial and commercial enterprises, ".net" for network providers, and ".org" for non-profit organizations.

Most of the domain names we have seen end with ".com", so ".com" domain names are not enough. For this reason, on the basis of the international generic top-level domains, 7 other international generic top-level domains have been added, such as: firm (company enterprise), store (sales company or enterprise), web (units highlighting WWW activities), arts (units highlighting cultural and entertainment activities), rec (units highlighting leisure and entertainment activities), info (units providing information services), nom (individual). These domain names can choose new registration agencies around the world to accept domain name registration applications, which is very convenient. The following is a classification of top-level domains:

Generic top-level domains:

No sponsorship: .biz .com .edu .gov .info .int .mil .name .net .org .pro .xyz

Sponsorship: .aero .cat .coop .jobs .museum .travel .mobi .asia .tel .xxx

Basic architecture: .arpa .root .tel

Approval stage: .post

Application stage: .geo .kid .mail .sco .web

Delete/retire: .nato

Reserved: .example .invalid .localhost .test

Pseudo domains: .bitnet .csnet .local .onion .uucp Others

The following are the generic top-level domains currently in use (plus .arpa, which is sometimes considered one of the generic top-level domains): The generic top-level domain was created in January 1985, with a total of 6 generic top-level domains, mainly for use in the United States:

Domain name, creation time, and scope of use

.com- For commercial organizations, but most commonly used without restrictions, familiar and used by most people

.net- January 1985, originally used by Internet service providers, now unrestricted

.org- January 1985, originally used by organizations that do not belong to other generic top-level domain categories, now unrestricted

.edu / .gov / .mil- January 1985, for American educational institutions/US government agencies/US military agencies. Due to historical issues, it is generally only used in the United States

In November 1988, at the request of NATO, .int began to be used. The domain name was originally planned to be used for some Internet infrastructure databases, such as .ip6.int, which is the IPv6 version of .in-addr.arpa. But later it was suggested that all new databases should be created using .arpa (the same system as before TLD), and existing ones should be moved to .arpa where possible, so that IPv6 reverse searches use .ip6.arpa

.int- November 1988 International League, International Organization, for use by international organizations established by treaty

.arpa- is a domain reserved by the US military

In 1997, the US government stopped the IAHC's proposal to establish 7 new generic top-level domains (.arts art institutions, .firm commercial companies, .info information agencies, .nom individuals, .rec recreational agencies, .store commercial sales agencies and .web Internet-related agencies).

On November 16, 2000, ICANN released 7 new gTLDs: .aero, .biz, .coop, .info, .museum, .name, .pro

.aero - for the air transport industry

.biz - for commercial use

.coop - for cooperatives

.info - for informational websites, but without restrictions

.museum - for museums

.name - for home and personal use

.pro - for some professional use

As of June 2005, ICANN announced several new gTLDs, the details of which are still under study: .cat, .jobs, .mobi, .post, .tel, .travel, .xxx, .kid

.asia - for the Asian community

.cat - for Catalan language/culture

.jobs - for job search related websites

.mobi - For use by websites on mobile phones and other devices

.travel- For use by travel agencies, airlines, hotels and tourism associations

.tel- For use by services that connect telephone networks to the Internet

The following gTLDs are under review and may be added to the gTLD name servers in the near future:

.post- For use by postal services

.xxx- For use by pornographic websites

.mail- For use by email websites

Unofficial TLDs and suggestions: Many new gTLDs have been suggested by various organizations and commercial institutions, some of which have been created more informally but have not yet been able to function properly, including .berlin, .sco, .love, etc.

Country code top-level domain main entry: Country code top-level domain

(ccTLDs, country code top-level domain, country domain name) are generally two-letter domains based on ISO-3166. The two-letter suffix indicates the country or region where the domain is located, for example: cn (mainland China), de (Germany), eu (European Union), jp (Japan), hk (Hong Kong), tw (Taiwan), uk (United Kingdom), us (United States). (in alphabetical order)

Country code top-level domains:

.ac .ad .ae .af .ag .ai .al .am .an .ao .aq .ar .as .at .au .aw .az

.ba .bb .bd .be .bf .bg .bh .bi .bj .bm .bn .bo .br .bs .bt .bv .bw .by .bz

.ca .cc .cd .cf .cg .ch .ci .ck .cl .cm .cn .co .cr .cu .cv .cx .cy .cz

.de .dj .dk .dm .do .dz

.ec .ee .eg .er .es .et .eu

.fi .fj .fk .fm .fo .fr

.ga .gd .ge .gf .gg .gh .gi .gl .gm .gn .gp .gq .gr .gs .gt .gu .gw .gy

.hk .hm .hn .hr .ht .hu

.id .ie .il .im .in .io .iq .ir .is .it

.je .jm .jo .jp

.ke .kg .kh .ki .km .kn .kr .kw .ky .kz

.la .lb .lc .li .lk .lr .ls .lt .lu .lv .ly

.ma .mc .md .me .mg .mh .mk .ml .mm .mn .mo .mp .mq .mr .ms .mt .mu .mv .mw .mx .my .mz

.na .nc .ne .nf .ng .ni .nl .no .np .nr .nu .nz

.om

.pa .pe .pf .pg .ph .pk .pl .pm .pn .pr .ps .pt .pw .py

.qa

.re .ro .ru .rw

.sa .sb .sc .sd .se .sg .sh .si .sk .sl .sm .sn .so .sr .st .sv .sy .sz

.tc .td .tf .tg .th .tj .tk .tl .tm .tn .to .tr .tt .tv .tw .tz

.ua .ug .uk .us .uy .uz

.va .vc .ve .vg .vi .vn .vu

.wf .ws

.ye .yt .yu

.za .zm .zw

Reserved/unallocated: .cs .eh .kp

Allocated/unused: .ax .bv .gb .sj .um

Gradually discontinued: .tp .su

Deleted/retired: .cs .dd .zr

In use:

.cn stands for China. The domain name ending with .cn is a domestic domain name in China. It is applicable to domestic institutions and enterprises. It is often called the domestic top-level domain name in English, and the English domain name of .CN type. It was born and opened on December 31, 1997. The registration authority is CNNIC. According to national regulations, six categories of second-level domain names are divided, with suffixes:

.com.cn .net.cn .org.cn .gov.cn .edu.cn. The .cn second-level domain name registration is now open.

Island country domain name: reached an agreement with some private companies to open to the world

.tv: Born--The .tv Corporation purchased it from the small Pacific country Tuvalu for US$50 million in 2000, and opened it in January 2001. The registration authority is The .tv Corporation. The feature is that it directly forms the concept of television, video, audio and video

.cc: Born--eNIC Group purchased .cc from the Cocos Islands in the Indian Ocean in 2000, and opened it in January 2001. The registration authority is eNIC Corporation. The features are simple and easy to remember, easy to identify, and very imaginative. International companies such as Intel and Coca-cola have created .cc domain name portals, showing that the value of .cc is increasing day by day.

Other level domain names

In addition to the top-level domain name, there is also a second-level domain name (SLD), which is the field closest to the left side of the top-level domain name. For example, in zh.wikipedia.org, wikipedia is the second-level domain name (some data believe that there is a first-level domain name after the top-level domain name, so zh is the second-level domain name).

Next is the third-level domain name, which is the field closest to the left side of the second-level domain name. From right to left, there are fourth-level domain names, fifth-level domain names, and so on. Take an example of a third-level domain name in use, www.ncic.ac.cn, where the www prefix indicates that this domain name corresponds to the World Wide Web service. Each level of domain name is divided by an English half-width period. "ncic" as a third-level domain name is a subdomain of "ac.cn".